CHEMICALS

Urea & Ethanol

Urea is a compound that can react with ethanol to form ethyl carbamate (EC), a potential carcinogen
The reaction between urea and ethanol is faster at higher temperatures
Urea can also be used as a nitrogen source for yeast in ethanol fermentation
The optimal urea concentration for ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sc90 is 2 g/L
Urea solubility decreases when ethanol is added to water
Urea solubility in pure ethanol and ethanol-water mixtures can be correlated with temperature using different equations

Ethanol is an organic compound with the chemical formula C2H6O or CH3−CH2−OH
Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a wine-like odor and pungent taste
Ethanol is a psychoactive recreational drug and the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks
Ethanol is produced by fermentation of sugars by yeasts or by hydration of ethylene
Ethanol is used as a solvent, in the synthesis of other organic chemicals, and as an additive to gasoline (gasohol)
Ethanol is toxic and addictive, affecting the central nervous system and causing alcoholism in some people

Urea is a nitrogenous compound that is produced by the metabolism of proteins in animals and excreted in urine
Urea is used as a fertilizer and feed supplement, as well as a starting material for the manufacture of plastics, drugs, resins, cosmetics, and cleaning products
Urea can react with ethanol to form ethyl carbamate, a potential carcinogen, especially at high temperatures
Urea can also be used as a nitrogen source for yeast in ethanol fermentation

Ethanol is used as a solvent, in the synthesis of other organic chemicals, and as an additive to gasoline (gasohol)
Ethanol is used as the intoxicating ingredient of many alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits
Ethanol is used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, solvent for some medications, and antidote for methanol poisoning and ethylene glycol poisoning
Ethanol is used as a fuel for motor vehicles and rocket-powered aircraft